Meneliti dan Menulis Laporan, Dapatkah?
Kemajuan suatu negara tidak diperoleh dengan hanya guru atau dosen mengajar. Akan tetapi, perlu dengan banyak belajar, menggali bahan-bahan ilmu dari berbagai sumber bagi kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan. Kalau hanya mengajar maka hasilnya hanya transfer ilmu, namun jika ditambah dengan banyak belajar maka banyak hal yang bisa digali dari pembelajaran, sehingga mudah memproduk ilmu pengetahuan. Itulah jalan belajar yang dalam arti lebih jauh disebut dengan melakukan penelitian.
Melakukan penelitian dan melaporkan hasilnya merupakan aktivitas yang mencerdaskan. Kedua aktivitas ini merupakan kegiatan yang dapat mengantarkan kita dapat menghasilkan pencarian, mengembangkan ilmu, serta memperoleh temuan ilmu pengetahuan. Jelas, aktivitas ini benar-benar merupakan wahana yang dapat membawa peneliti dan pembacanya menjadi orang yang dapat berkembang pengetahuannya.
Tiga sub hasasan di bawah ini mengantar kita untuk sama menelsururi di seputar meneliti dan melaporkan hasil dari penelitian.
Melakukan Penelitian
Setelah seorang peneliti membuat rencana penelitian (yang dalam uraian ini dibatasi pada penelitian kualitatif), maka aktivitas penelitian dapat dimulai. Penelitian, yang berasal dari kata teliti, secara etimologis berarti cermat, seksama, pemeriksaan seksama, serta penyelidikan. Sedang secara terminologis, penelitian adalah upaya menemukan jawaban atas sejumlah masalah berdasarkan data-data yang terkumpul.
Jika seseorang mengadaan pengamatan terhadap suatu hal, baik dengan cara membaca buku atau kitab, majalah, jurnal, surat kabar atau membaca kejadian yang ada di dalam sekitar maka di pikiran kita ada sejumlah data (yang di dalamnya mengandung masalah) atau kerisauan, yang minta pemecahan. Beberapa data yang diperoleh dari pengamatan atau pembacaan ada yang seperti diedialkan, namun banyak di antaranya yang membawa kerisauan dengan membacanya karena di situ ada gab. Yaitu, yang terjadi tidak seperti teorinya, tidak seperti direncanakan, tidak seperti dasar atau doktrin yang diajarkan. Di situ datanya mengandung kerisauan, sehingga menantang kita untuk melakukan penelitian.
Dengan melakukan penelitian, maka data yang diteliti dapat dikomentari sehingga diperoleh gambaran apa adanya, atau dijelaskan melalui perbandingan hingga diperoleh kejelasan dalam kaitan dengan data yang lain, atau data dimaksud dianalisis sehingga dapat diberi pemaknaan yang tepat mengenainya. Bisa jadi juga, dari data yang diteliti nanti dipetik pemaknaan setelah melalui perenungan yang cukup, atau ditarik implikasi teoritisnya sehingga dapat dihasilnya teori atau kebijakan baru yang memang diperlukan dari hasil penelitian. Jelasnya, dengan melakukan penelitian, suatu jawaban masalah dapat diberikan pada tingkat (1) deskriptif, atau sampai ke tingkat (2) eksplanatif, atau naik ke tingkat (3) deskursif, atau naik lagi ke peringkat (4) kemampuan interpretif, hingga ke tingkat (5) ke pengandaian teoritik yakni ke tingkat implikatif.
Penelitian Berurusan dengan Data dan Teori
Mengingat begitu melakukan pengamatan terhadap bacaan teks dan alam sekitar (konteks) dapat memperkaya pengalaman, maka pada saat meneliti itu di situlah kita bertemu dengan kebingunan. Apa datanya memang benar-benar data itu, mengapa terjadi demikian: teorinya mengapa tidak sesuai dengan karta, rencana yang jauh dari kenyataan, pelaksanaan ajaran kok jauh dari ajaran yang diterima, pelaksanaan ajaran tentang nikah kok menjadi lain ketika praktek pernikahan. Nah, ketika melakukan penelitian kita selalu berurusan dengan dua hal di atas.
Data-data
Teori.
Dapatkah melakukan penelittian dijelaskan dengan bahasa yang mudah? Ehh bisa apa tidak ya; … eh, waktu menulisnya habis,…… pagi ini saya mengajar jam ke-2 dan ke-4…. maklum… pegawai negeri di Indonesia ini masih disistem aktim melalui nutul absen….. pagi dan sore… permisi dulu ya?)
Bagaimana Struktur Laporan Kita
Bagaimana Struktur Suatu Jurnal
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