M Achwan Mengkaji Kritik atas Pemikiran GHA Juynboll “Ketidakotentikan” Hadis Syair Tercela
Saudara Mochammad Achwan Baharuddin, mahasiswa pascasarjana UIN Walisongo Semarang program studi Islam, pada hari Senin, 18 Juli 2022 menyelesaikan studinya dalam bentuk ujian doktorat. Penelitiannya membahas pemikiran G.H.A Juynboll yang berpendapat, bahwa hadis sastra tercela; perut berisi nanah lebih baik dari pada diisi dengan syi’ir, tidak otentik bersumber dari Nabi. Alasannya adalah (1) hadis tersebut memiliki common link bernama Sulaimān bin Mihran al-A’Masy (w 147/764) yang diduga membuat hadis tersebut, dan (2) kemunculan hadis tersebut dilatari dengan posisi sastrawan yang tidak menguntungkan pada awal masyarakat Islam.
Studi program doktornya di atas dilakukan dengan maksud untuk menjawab pertanyaan: (1) Mengapa G.H.A Juynboll lebih menempatkan Sulaiman al-A’masy sebagai common link dibandingkan dengan perawi lainnya? (2) Bagaimana kualitas sanad hadis perut berisi nanah lebih baik dari pada diisi dengan syi’ir? (3) Bagaimana kualitas matan hadis perut berisi nanah lebih baik dari pada diisi dengan syi’ir?
Metode
Dari pertanyaan yang menjadi pokok permasalahan tersebut, persoalannya dikaji melalui studi tokoh dengan menggali data di kepustakaan dengan menggunakan pendekatan tematis, otobiografi, dan analisis taxonomy.
Temuan
Hasil dari kajian di atas menemukan bahwa:
(1) Sulaiman al-A’masy dipilih G.H.A Juynboll sebagai common link berdasar atas pembacaan yang tidak menyeluruh terhadap jalur periwayatan. Pemilihan tersebut juga memperlihatkan inkonsistensi G.H.A Juynboll terhadap konsep common link dan sumber-sumber yang dijadikan acuan.
(2) Rangkaian sanad hadis sastra tercela terkategorikan sebagai hadis mutawatir karena melalui 5 jalur sahabat yang terkonfirmasi kesejarahannya; Abū Hurairah, Sa’d bin Abī Waqqāṣ, Abī Sa’d al-Khudrī, Ibn Umar dan Jābir bin Abdillāh dan ditopang dengan rangkaian perawi yang muttaṣil serta sebagian besar adil dan ḍābit.
(3) Redaksi hadis dapat diterima historisitasnya dan tidak bertentangan dengan konteks kesusasteraan Arab masa Nabi. Kandungan hadis menginformasikan tuntutan para penyair untuk merubah ideologi dan fungsi sastra yang senada dengan visi-misi keislaman.
Dari kajiannya itu, dia lulus dengan predikat amat memuaskan (Erfan Subahar).
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